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why was the f-16 introduced although the f-15 was better in every possible way?译文简介
网友：与f-15相比，f-16的一个关键优势是其成本较低，这使得国防预算较小或不需要f-15能力的国家更能负担得起。此外，f-16可以用于比f-15更广泛的任务，使其成为一种更通用的飞机。
正文翻译
why was the f-16 introduced although the f-15 was better in every possible way?
尽管f-15在各方面都更好，为什么还要引进f-16 ?
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one of the key advantages of the f-16 was its lower cost compared to the f-15, making it more affordable for countries with smaller defense budgets or those that did not need the capabilities of the f-15. additionally, the f-16 could be used in a wider range of missions than the f-15, making it a more versatile aircraft.
the f-16 was also designed with advanced technology, including fly-by-wire controls, which made it easier to fly and more responsive to the pilot's inputs. this technology made the f-16 a more agile aircraft than the f-15, particularly at lower altitudes and in close-in engagements.
also the f-16's single-engine design made it more fuel-efficient than the f-15, and it required less maintenance and support. this meant that the f-16 could operate from shorter runways and in more austere environments, which made it a more flexible and adaptable aircraft.
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与f-15相比，f-16的一个关键优势是其成本较低，这使得国防预算较小或不需要f-15能力的国家更能负担得起。此外，f-16可以用于比f-15更广泛的任务，使其成为一种更通用的飞机。
f-16的设计也采用了先进的技术，包括电传控制，这使得它更容易飞行，对飞行员的输入反应更快。这种技术使f-16成为比f-15更灵活的飞机，特别是在低空和近距离交战时。
此外，f-16的单引擎设计使其比f-15更省油，并且需要更少的维护和补给。这意味着f-16可以在更短的跑道上和更恶劣的环境中飞行，这使其成为一种更灵活、适应性更强的飞机。
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the f-15 is not better than the f-16 in every possible way.
the f-15 was designed to help the us air force achieve complete air superiority in any war they were likely to find themselves in. when introduced it had a very long radar range to allow it to achieve a high rate of kills beyond visual range and it was also very capable in a dogfight. the f-15 was also designed to be upgraded to keep its radar and electronic warfare capabilities relevant as technology advanced. part of the f-15 mantra when it was designed was “not one pound for air-to-ground” which meant that the plane was designed through and through for air-to-air combat not for dropping bombs. a limited air to ground capability was present in the f-15a and f-15c, though the us air force never used it in anger. the f-15e that came later was a development that built on the very well designed f-15 airfrx to make something completely new. it was and still is a fantastic aircraft.
f-15并不是在所有方面都比f-16好。
f-15的设计目的是帮助美国空军在任何可能的战争中获得完全的空中优势。引进时，看中了f-16有很长的雷达范围，可以在视距外实现高杀伤率，而且狗斗能力强。f-15也被进行升级设计，以保持其雷达和电子战能力相关的技术进步。f-15在设计时的部分口号是“没有一磅炸弹用于空对地”，这意味着这架飞机是为空对空作战（不是为了投掷炸弹）而设计的。f-15a和f-15c具有有限的空对地能力，不过美国空军从未在愤怒时使用过它。后来的f-15e是在设计良好的f-15机身的基础上发展起来的，是一种全新的东西。它过去是，现在仍然是一架了不起的飞机。
so the f-16 was born for what was termed the “high-low mix”. the f-16 was a much cheaper aircraft designed to work alongside the f-15 and make up the numbers. like the f-15 it was designed to be an extremely agile dogfighting aircraft, and in fact it is a little better at close-in dogfights than the f-15. it also costs a lot less to maintain and it burns much less fuel. it has a less capable radar than the f-15 and in early versions of the f-16 there was no capability for radar guided missiles. this capability has been added to all in-service f-16s throughout the world.
美国空军的问题在于f-15的价格。尽管他们希望所有的空中优势战斗机都是f-15，但他们负担不起。此外，购买一架飞机的成本只是拥有一架飞机10年、30年或更长的服役时间的一小部分。战斗机以惊人的速度燃烧燃料，而安装在f-15上的两个强大的发动机是饥渴的野兽。是的，它们比前几代战斗机发动机的燃油效率高得多，但它们仍然消耗大量燃料。f-15是一架伟大的飞机，但有关它加油和维护方面的成本都很高。
因此，f-16的诞生被称为“高低搭配”。f-16是一种便宜得多的飞机，旨在与f-15并肩作战，并用于充数目的。与f-15一样，它被设计成一种极其敏捷的混战飞机，事实上，它在近距离混战中比f-15略胜一筹。它的维护成本也要低得多，而且燃烧的燃料也要少得多。它的雷达能力不如f-15，在f-16的早期版本中，没有雷达制导导弹的能力，如今这种能力已经被添加到全世界所有在役的f-16战斗机上。
the f-16 was also intended for use as a multi-role fighter from the beginning, able to fight enemy aircraft and strike targets on the ground. at first its capabilities were relatively limited in the air to ground role but over the years upgrades have turned it into a formidable strike aircraft. for the many air forces that could not afford a decent sized fleet of f-15 fighters the f-16 has provided them with the means to defend themselves at a price they could afford. over 4,500 f-16s have been produced and it is still in production for a reason. the f-15 is also still in production and over 1,100 have been produced.
the f-15 and f-16 are a superb team and work very well together or separately.
the f-15 provides the long range kill capability and has superior endurance. the f-16 is much cheaper to buy and to run and slightly more agile in a close-in dogfight.
当时的想法是，f-15和f-16的结合使美国空军能够建立一支真正庞大的战斗机舰队，在质量和数量上完全击败任何敌人，它奏效了。
f-16从一开始就打算用作多用途战斗机，能够与敌机作战并打击地面目标。起初，它在空对地方面的能力相对有限，但多年来的升级使其成为一种强大的攻击机。对于许多负担不起一支规模可观的f-15战斗机机队的空军来说，f-16以负担得起的价格为他们提供了自卫的手段。已经生产了4500多架f-16战斗机，而且仍在生产，这是有原因的。f-15也仍在生产中，已经生产了1100多架。
f-15和f-16是一支出色的机队，无论是在一起还是分开都能很好地工作。
f-15提供了远程杀伤能力，并具有卓越的续航能力。f-16的购买和运行都要便宜得多，在近距离狗斗中也要灵活一些。
because it is not “…better in every possible way”, nor was it designed to be.
the f-15 was designed to be a pure air superiority fighter. it’s mission was and is to engage enemy aircaft, preferably bvr, and keep the skies clear and our ground troops safe from airborne threats. it was not designed for an air-ground role, although the hard points and fire control system was capable of carrying and employing bombs. it is a “never used” capability.
the f-16 is a “multi-role” fighter that is designed for air-air and air-ground using precision munitions and is capable of attacking strategic targets was well as “tactical” employment such as interdiction and close air support. it is also capable of the sead role.
so, while the f-15 (at least before the f-22 came along) was designed to gain/maintain air superiority, the f-16 was designed to do everything. multi-role comes at a cost and reminds one of the old saying: “jack of all trades, master at none”. still, it is a very capable aircraft.
the f-22 raptor is the air superiority replacement for the f-15. yes, it too is capable of carrying air-ground munitions, but don’t expect to see it deployed in that role. the f-35 lightning ii is the multi-role replacement for the f-16.
the f-15e strike eagle shares an airfrx with the f-15 a/c models, but it is designed as a ground attack aircraft for strategic and interdiction targets. yes, it it capable of air-air engagement, but that is not what it is desiged for.
因为它不是“……在所有可能的方面都更好”，它的设计也并非如此。
f-15是作为纯粹的制空战斗机而设计的。它的任务是与敌方飞机进行交战，优先进行远程视距作战，并确保天空晴朗，保护我方地面部队免受空中威胁。它并不是为了执行空中对地任务而设计的，尽管它的挂点和火控系统可以携带和投放炸弹。这只是一种“从未使用过”的能力。
f-16是一种“多用途”战斗机，旨在进行空对空和空对地作战，可使用精确的弹药，并能够攻击战略目标以及执行干扰和近距离空中支援等“战术”任务。它还可以担任压制敌防空系统（sead）的角色。
因此，尽管f-15（至少在f-22出现之前）的设计目标是获得/保持制空优势，但f-16的设计目标是全能型。多用途的特性是有代价的，让人想起一句老话：“百事通，却无专长”。尽管如此，它仍然是一款非常出色的飞机。
f-22猛禽是f-15的制空优势替代品。是的，它也可以携带空对地弹药，但不要指望它会被部署在这个角色上。f-35闪电ii是f-16的多用途战机替代品。
f-15e攻击鹰与f-15 a/c型号共用一个机身，但它被设计为战略和拦截目标的地面攻击机。是的，它能够参与空对空交战，但这并不是它的主要设计目标。
the introduction of the f-16 fighting falcon, also known as the "viper," in 1978 was a pivotal moment in military aviation. while the f-15 eagle was already established as a highly capable air superiority fighter, the decision to develop and field the f-16 was not based solely on its performance compared to the f-15.
as an aeronautical enthusiast, it's essential to understand the factors that led to the development and introduction of the f-16.
firstly, the f-15 was primarily designed as an air superiority fighter, intended to engage other aircraft in air-to-air combat. it was a large, heavy, and expensive aircraft, making it challenging to operate and maintain, especially for smaller air forces. the f-16, on the other hand, was a smaller and more versatile aircraft, capable of performing multiple roles, including air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. this made it a more attractive option for countries that could not afford or justify the expense of operating f-15s.
in fact, the f-16 was developed in response to a specific requirement by the u.s. air force for a lightweight, cost-effective, and maneuverable fighter that could engage in dogfighting, ground attack, and air superiority missions. the f-16 was specifically designed to be cheaper to produce and maintain than the f-15, making it a more attractive option for countries with limited budgets.
another crucial factor was the technological advancements that made the f-16 possible. the f-16 was the first aircraft to incorporate fly-by-wire technology, which replaced traditional mechanical flight controls with electronic ones. this allowed for more precise control and reduced the pilot's workload, making it easier to fly and more effective in combat.
moreover, the f-16's smaller size made it more maneuverable and harder to detect by radar than the larger f-15. this was an essential advantage in air-to-air combat, where the ability to maneuver quickly and evade enemy radar was crucial.
1978年推出的f-16战隼，也被称为“毒蛇”，当时是军用航空的关键时刻。虽然f-15“鹰”式(eagle)战斗机已经被确定为一种能力强大的空中优势战斗机，但决定研制和装备f-16并不仅仅基于与f-15的性能对比。
作为一个航空爱好者，了解导致f-16研发和引入的因素是至关重要的。
首先，f-15主要被设计为一种制空战斗机，用于与其他飞机进行空中战斗。它是一种庞大、沉重且昂贵的飞机，这使得操作和维护变得具有挑战性，尤其是对于规模较小的空军而言。相比之下，f-16是一种更小、更多功能的飞机，能够执行多种任务，包括空对空和空对地任务。这使得那些无法负担或证明使用f-15的费用是合理的国家更倾向于选择f-16作为选项。
实际上，f-16的研发是为了满足美国空军对一种轻型、经济实惠、机动性好的战斗机的特定需求，该战斗机能够进行狗斗、地面攻击和制空任务。 f-16的设计目标是比f-15更便宜的生产和维护成本，使其成为对预算有限的国家而言更具吸引力的选择。
另一个关键因素是技术进步选择f-16成为可能。 f-16是第一架采用电传操纵技术的飞机，它取代了传统的机械飞行控制系统，采用了电子飞行控制系统。这使得飞机的控制更加精确，减轻了飞行员的工作量，使其更容易驾驶和进行更有效的战斗。
此外，f-16较小的尺寸使其比较大的f-15更加机动，同时更难以被雷达侦测到。这在空对空战斗中是一个重要优势，快速机动和躲避敌方雷达的能力至关重要。
the introduction of the f-16 fighting falcon alongside the f-15 eagle was driven by different design philosophies and requirements, rather than one aircraft being inherently "better" than the other in every possible way. while the f-15 and f-16 are both highly capable fighter aircraft, they were developed to fulfill distinct roles and complement each other in the united states air force's inventory.
the f-15 eagle was primarily designed as an air superiority fighter, optimized for engagements against other aircraft. it excelled in terms of speed, acceleration, altitude performance, and the ability to carry a larger payload of air-to-air missiles. the f-15's larger size and twin-engine configuration provided superior thrust and range, making it well-suited for long-range intercepts and maintaining air dominance.
on the other hand, the f-16 fighting falcon was developed as a lightweight, multirole fighter that could perform a variety of missions effectively. it was designed with the concept of high agility and maneuverability in mind, making it suitable for both air-to-air combat and air-to-ground missions. the f-16's smaller size, single-engine configuration, and lighter weight allowed for greater maneuverability and lower costs of operation and maintenance.
the f-16 was intended to serve as a complement to the f-15, focusing on missions such as close air support, interdiction, and suppression of enemy air defenses. its agility and versatility made it valuable for operations in a wide range of scenarios, including air-to-air combat, ground attack, and reconnaissance. the f-16's lower acquisition and operational costs also made it more affordable and accessible for many countries, enabling widespread adoption by various air forces around the world.
in summary, the f-16 was introduced alongside the f-15 because it offered unique capabilities and fulfilled different operational requirements, rather than being considered inferior in every aspect. the two aircraft were designed to work together, with the f-15 providing air superiority and long-range interception capabilities, while the f-16 offered versatility and cost-effectiveness in various mission roles.
f-16战隼战斗机与f-15“鹰”式(eagle)战斗机的推出是由不同的设计理念和要求推动的，而不是一架飞机在所有可能的方面都天生比另一架“更好”。虽然f-15和f-16都是高性能战斗机，但它们的开发是为了在美国空军的库存中发挥不同的作用并相互补充。
f-15“鹰”式战斗机主要设计为空中优势战斗机，针对与其他飞机的交战进行了优化。它在速度、加速度、高度性能以及携带更大有效载荷空对空导弹的能力方面都表现出色。f-15更大的尺寸和双引擎配置提供了卓越的推力和航程，使其非常适合远程拦截并保持空中优势。
另一方面，f-16战隼战斗机是作为一种轻型多用途战斗机开发的，可以有效地执行各种任务。它的设计考虑到了高敏捷性和机动性的概念，使其适用于空对空作战和空对地任务。f-16更小的尺寸、单引擎配置和更轻的重量使其具有更大的机动性和更低的操作和维护成本。
f-16旨在作为f-15的补充，专注于近距离空中支援、拦截和压制敌方防空等任务。它的灵活性和多功能性使其在包括空对空作战、对地攻击和侦察在内的各种场景中都很有价值。f-16较低的采购和维护成本也使其对许多国家来说更实惠、更容易获得，从而使其能够被世界各地的各种空军广泛采用。
总之，f-16是与f-15一起推出的，因为它提供了独特的能力，满足了不同的作战要求，而不是在各个方面都被认为是低劣的。这两架飞机被设计为协同工作，f-15提供了空中优势和远程拦截能力，而f-16在各种任务中提供了多功能性和成本效益。
the f-16 was developed as a high low force mix. the f-15 was a expensive aircraft to purchase and maintain. the f-16 was introduced as a low cost low cost to maintain aircraft to compliment the f-15 with a high cost and low cost aircraft mix. this gave them the ability to have a large number of aircraft at a much lower cost than if they just build f-15′s.
f-16是作为一种高低搭配的混合型战斗机而研制的。购买和维护f-15是昂贵的。f-16是作为一种低采购成本和低维护成本的飞机引入进来补充f-15，从而实现高低搭配。这使他们能够以比仅仅制造f-15低得多的成本下拥有大量飞机。
the f-16 fighting falcon is a compact, multi-role fighter aircraft. it is highly maneuverable and has proven itself in air-to-air combat and air-to-surface attack. it provides a relatively low-cost, high-performance weapon system for the united states and allied nations.
features
in an air combat role, the f-16's maneuverability and combat radius (distance it can fly to enter air combat, stay, fight and return) exceed that of all potential threat fighter aircraft. it can locate targets in all weather conditions and detect low flying aircraft in radar ground clutter. in an air-to-surface role, the f-16 can fly more than 500 miles (860 kilometers), deliver its weapons with superior accuracy, defend itself against enemy aircraft, and return to its starting point. an all-weather capability allows it to accurately deliver ordnance during non-visual bombing conditions.
f-16战隼是一种紧凑型多用途战斗机。它的机动性很强，已经在空对空作战和空对地攻击中证明了自己的实力。它为美国和盟国提供了一种相对低成本、高性能的武器系统。
特点
在空战中，f-16的机动性和作战半径（进入空战、停留、战斗和返回的距离）超过了所有潜在威胁战斗机。它可以在所有天气条件下定位目标，并在雷达地面杂波中探测低空飞行的飞机。在空对地作战中，f-16可以飞行500英里（860公里）以上，以更高的精度发射武器，防御敌机，然后返回起点。全天候能力使其能够在非可视轰炸条件下准确地投送弹药。
f-16 is cheaper, more versatile and more suitable for multi-role missions, including air to ground missions.
f-15 and f-16 are not rivals, but they complement each other. f-15 is the result of fighter mafia thinking, f-16 is the result of john boyd and his ideas. both are excellent in the tasks they are intended.
f-16更便宜、更通用，更适合执行多任务，包括空对地任务。
f-15和f-16不是对手，但它们是相辅相成的。f-15是“战斗机黑手党”思想的结果，f-16是约翰·博伊德（john boyd）及其思想的结果。它们在预定任务上都表现出色。（注：战斗机黑手党是美国的一个非政府组织。战斗机黑手党是美国空军军官和文职防务分析家组成）
the f-16 and f-15 are two legendary fighter jets that have served the united states air force (usaf) for decades. both aircraft have their strengths and weaknesses, and they were designed for different roles. while the f-15 was designed to engage in air-to-air combat and destroy enemy aircraft, the f-16 was designed to be a multi-role fighter that could engage in air-to-air and air-to-ground combat.
the f-16 was introduced in 1978 as a replacement for the f-4 phantom, and it quickly became known for its superior maneuverability and agility. in fact, the f-16 was so maneuverable that it was dubbed the "viper" by its pilots. the f-16 was also less expensive to produce and maintain than the f-15, making it an attractive choice for many nations around the world.
while the f-15 was indeed superior in some ways, such as range and payload capacity, the usaf recognized that the f-16's unique capabilities made it an important addition to its fleet. the f-16 was extremely effective in dogfights and could operate in a wide range of conditions, making it ideal for air-to-ground combat as well. it also had a shorter takeoff distance and could operate from smaller and less developed airfields than the f-15, making it useful in combat situations where runway space was limited.
in short, the f-16 was introduced because it filled a gap in the usaf's fleet of fighter jets, offering unique capabilities that complemented those of the f-15. while the f-15 was indeed a better aircraft in certain situations, the f-16's versatility and affordability made it an important addition to the usaf's arsenal.
f-16和f-15是两款传奇战斗机，为美国空军服务了几十年。这两种飞机都有各自的长处和短处，它们是为不同的角色而设计的。虽然f-15被设计用于进行空对空作战并摧毁敌机，但f-16被设计为一种多用途战斗机，可以进行空对空中和空对地作战。
f-16于1978年作为f-4幽灵影的替代品推出，它很快就以其卓越的机动性和灵活性而闻名。事实上，f-16的机动性非常之强，以至于它被飞行员称为“毒蛇”。f-16的生产和维护成本也低于f-15，对世界上许多国家而言，是一个有吸引力的选择。
虽然f-15在某些方面确实很优越，比如航程和有效载荷能力，但美国空军认识到f-16的独特能力使其成为其机队的重要补充。f-16在混战中非常有效，可以在各种条件下作战，也是空地作战的理想选择。它的起飞距离也比f-15更短，可以在更小、不太发达的机场执行任务，这使得它在跑道空间有限的作战情况下很有用。
简言之，引进f-16是因为它填补了美国空军战斗机机队的空白，提供了与f-15互补的独特能力。虽然在某些情况下，f-15确实是一种更好的飞机，但f-16的多功能性和可负担性使其成为美国空军武器库的重要补充。
why is the f-18 not as successful as the f-16 and f-15 in foreign sales?
first the f-16: it is the cheapest of the three, both to purchase and operate (1 engine). it is also a highly capable air-air platform. the usaf ordered so many of them that it made other buyers confident over the longevity of the platform. it can also carry out some air-ground missions, so it seemed like a solid choice even as the sole plane of an air force.
the f-15: it was the best fighter money could buy. it has fewer operators than the legacy hornet, but the few countries that bought the f-15 did so in large amounts. israel, japan, saudi arabia, qatar, singapore and south korea all needed the best fighter money could buy, and they paid for it.
finally to the f-18: it costs more than the f-16 (to buy and operate), but not only is it a good fighter, it also has very good ground attack abilities. it has gotten a fair amount of sales; canada, australia, finland, kuwait, malaysia, spain and switzerland all rely on the f/a-18 as their primary fighter. the hornet is appealing because it allows for a larger variety of missions to be carried out.
the runways of airbases are easy targets, but no problem:
finnish f/a-18c landing on a widened 2-lane road with arresting cable. can you do this with an f-16?
edit: i stand corrected in the fact that the f-16 (and most other fighters) do indeed have a tail hook, but it is structurally weaker than the tail hook of the f-18 that is 100% carrier capable. the usaf tail hooks are intended to stop an aircraft that has encountered brake failure. in these situations the arrestor system stops the fighter at the end of the runway, at low speed. the f-18 can do an arrestor landing from full landing speed, greatly reducing the runway length required.
thanks for the upvotes! i am by no means an expert. i thought i could bring a “neutral” viewpoint into the conversation, a viewpoint that contains less politics and more obxtive points.
为什么f-18在国外的销售不如f-16和f-15成功？
首先是f-16：它是三款中最便宜的，无论是采购还是执行任务（单发版本）。它也是一个功能强大的空中平台。美国空军订购了非常多，这让其他买家对该平台的寿命充满信心。它还可以执行一些空地任务，因此即使作为空军的唯一飞机，它似乎也是一个可靠的选择。
f-15：这是用钱能买到的最好的战斗机。配置它的国家比配置传统的大黄蜂的国家少，但为数不多的几个国家大量购买了f-15。以色列、日本、沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、新加坡和韩国都需要最好的战斗机，他们为此花大加强进行采购。
最后是f-18：它的费用比f-16（购买和执行任务方面的成本）还高，但它不仅是一款好的战斗机，而且具有非常好的对地攻击能力。它获得了可观的销售额；加拿大、澳大利亚、芬兰、科威特、马来西亚、西班牙和瑞士都依赖f/a-18作为主要战斗机。大黄蜂之所以吸引人，是因为它可以执行各种各样的任务。
空军基地的跑道很容易成为攻击目标，但对它而言不会造成问题：
芬兰f/a-18c在加宽的两车道且有拦阻索的道路上着陆，f-16能做到吗?
编辑：我要纠正的是，f-16(和大多数其他战斗机)确实有一个尾钩，但它在结构上比f-18的尾钩弱，f-18是100%的舰载机。美国空军的尾钩是用来阻止遇到刹车故障的飞机的。在这种情况下，拦阻系统会在跑道末端让战斗机停下来。f-18可以在全着陆速度下进行拦阻着陆，大大缩短了所需的跑道长度。
谢谢你的点赞！我绝不是专家。我想我可以在谈话中引入一个“中立”的观点，一个不那么政治化、更客观的观点。
why did the f/a-18 hornet do so little compared to the f-14, f-15, and f-16?
while the f/a-18 hornet has been criticized for its limited range and payload capacity compared to other fighter jets such as the f-14, f-15, and f-16, its versatility and reliability have made it a popular choice for many countries' militaries. the hornet's original design concept prioritized versatility over specialization, and its smaller size and engine power have also contributed to its limitations. however, newer versions of the hornet have addressed some of these limitations and added new capabilities.
the f/a-18 hornet has proven to be a reliable and versatile aircraft that has served in many different roles and conflicts around the world. in recent years, newer versions of the hornet, such as the super hornet and the growler, have addressed some of the aircraft's earlier limitations and added new capabilities, such as improved range and electronic warfare capabilities.
为什么与f-14、f-15和f-16相比，f/a-18大黄蜂的作用如此之小？
尽管与f-14、f-15和f-16等其他战斗机相比，f/a-18大黄蜂因其航程和有效载荷能力有限而受到批评，但其多功能性和可靠性使其成为许多国家军队的热门选择。大黄蜂最初的设计理念将多功能性置于专业性之上，其较小的尺寸和发动机功率也造成了其局限性。然而，新版本的大黄蜂已经解决了其中的一些限制，并增加了新的功能。
f/ a -18“大黄蜂”已被证明是一种可靠的多用途飞机，在世界各地的许多不同角色和冲突中服役。近年来，新版本的大黄蜂，如“超级大黄蜂”和“咆哮者”，解决了该飞机早期的一些局限性，并增加了新的能力，如提高了航程和电子战能力。